Focus on the eyes when photo graphing people or wildlife

Orientation Consider whether the subject would look best photographedhorizontally or vertically. Camera orientation is an easy andeffective compositional tool, but one that's often overlookedbecause it feels much more natural to hold the camera horizontally.Start experimenting by framing vertical subjects, such asbuildings, vertically. Focus Take care when focusing. If something other than the mainsubject is the sharpest part of the composition, the viewer's eyewill rest in the wrong place. Focus on the eyes when photo graphing people or wildlife. It doesn't matter if other features are out offocus: if the eyes aren't sharp the image will fail. Depth of field This refers to the area of a photograph that is considered to beacceptably sharp. Understanding and controlling depth of field isone of the most important creative controls available to thephotographer. It allows you to take a landscape that's sharp fromone metre in front of the camera to the horizon, or to take aportrait where the subject's eyes are sharp but the background isthrown out of focus. Depth of field is controlled by the lensaperture; to make best use of the technique you'll need a camerathat allows you to manually override the exposure controls. The smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field, andvice versa. An aperture of f16 will give maximum depth of field,while f2 will give minimum depth. For general photography use f8 orf11 as your standard aperture setting. These apertures willgenerally allow you to use a shutter speed of 1/125th of a second,give enough depth of field for most shots and even give you somelatitude against inaccurate focusing. Two other variables affect depth of field: the focal length ofthe lens and the distance between the camera and the subject. Atthe same fstop, shorter focallength lenses such as 24mm or 35mmwill give greater Rosetta Stone Spanish (Latin America) depth of field than telephoto lenses, such as135mm or 200mm. The further away your subject is, the greater thedepth of field. So maximum depth of field can be achieved by focusing on asubject over 50 metres away using a wideangle lens at an apertureof f16. Depth of field will be minimised by focusing on a subjectunder five metres away using a telephoto lens at an aperture off2. Light Once you've got your composition techniques sorted out, how youuse light will really determine the success of your images. Mosttravel pictures are taken with the natural light of the sun. I'm inno doubt that my photography took a great leap forward when Irealised that there's always a best time of day to photograph asubject. The key elements to good photographic light are colour,quality and direction. These elements change constantly throughoutthe day and the trick is to match the subject to the light. The colour and quality of natural light are determined by theposition of the sun and the weather and can vary from one moment tothe next. A small break in heavy cloud just above the horizon cantransform a scene from ordinary to spectacular in a split second.On a clear day, early morning and late afternoon light is warm andmany subjects are enhanced by a yelloworange glow. The low angleof the sun also produces shadows with some length, bringing outtextures and adding interest and depth to subjects. As the sun gets higher in the sky, the colour of daylightbecomes cooler and more "natural". However, it's also harsh,shadows are short and deep, and contrast will be high. On overcastbut bright days, or when the sun disappears behind a cloud, shadowsbecome faint and contrast is reduced, making it possible to recorddetails in all parts of the composition. Observing where light strikes your subject will also improveyour pictures significantly.

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