2011年10月28日星期五

The jbaros thus fended for themselves

San Juan, the most exposed military outpost guarding Spain's New World Rosetta Stone V3 empire, received political and economic attention from the mother country; however, the island's rural inhabitants, or jbaros, were typically ignored by Spain and scorned by the residents of San Juan. The jbaros thus fended for themselves and cultivated their own small landholdings. As the French, British, Danish, and Dutch fought over and settled the Lesser Antilles during the 17th and 18th centuries, the colonial authorities of San Juan rarely ventured beyond their walled defenses for fear of buccaneer attacks; however, the jbaros, ignoring the edicts of Spain, prospered somewhat by trading clandestinely with non-Spanish merchants. Ginger, hides, sugarcane, tobacco, and cattle from the island were in great demand. The settlers' contact with foreigners did not turn them away from their mother countryas the Spanish Rosetta Stone German crown had fearedinstead, they remained loyal and willing to participate in military expeditions.Liberal reforms and regional turmoilDuring the 18th century Spain's Bourbon rulers ordered their colonial representatives to carry out sweeping economic and administrative reforms that promoted trade between Puerto Rico and Spain, stimulated agricultural production, and integrated the island's various military units into a unified commandall in order to convert Puerto Rico from a financial drain to a major economic asset. The enlightened despotism of the Spanish Bourbons encouraged Puerto Rico's commercial agriculture. The island's population grew rapidly, from roughly 45,000 in 1765 to more than 103,000 in 1787 and 155,000 in 1800. By the end of the 18th century there were 34 towns on the island. Among the Rosetta Stone German V3 larger immigrant groups were Canary Islanders, French settlers from Louisiana or Haiti, and Spaniards from Santo Domingo (later the Dominican Republic), which had been turned over to Napoleon I of France.

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